The importance of logistics to corporate jia feng international logistics to support enterprise development
Click： Time：2021-06-09 13:59:41
物流是为满足消费者需求而进行的对原材料、中间库存、最终产品及相关信息从起始地点到消费地点的有效流动与储存的计划、实施和控制的整个过程。它构成了企业价值链的基础活动，是企业取得竞争优势的关键。许多生产企业在加强技术开发和推进全面质量管理的同时，已经把寻求成本优势和价值优势的目光转向生产前后的物流领域。
1．现代物流是生产流通企业的第三利润源泉 20世纪60-70年代，发达国家的企业大多把追求利润的竞争焦点放在生产领域，千方百计降低物资资源消耗获取“企业的第一利润源泉”，千方百计提高劳动生产率获取“企业的第二利润源泉”。然而，生产领域的这两个“利润源泉”，都要受到科学技术发展水平的制约，在生产机械化、自动化程度不断提高和生产工艺日趋程序化、规范化的新情况下，技术趋同性的增强使这两个“利润源泉”基本无“泉”可挖。进入80年代，面对全球激烈的市场竞争挑战，人们开始把探寻利润的目光从生产领域转向非生产领域，惊奇地发现创造物流价值的成本相当高昂，企业生产经营过程中的浪费仍然十分突出。再加上微电子技术、信息技术以及制度创新等因素，自80年代以后，作为企业的“第三利润源泉”的物流，就自然成为市场竞争的一个新焦点，受到理论界和实务界的高度重视。物流因其贯穿了生产和流通的全过程，所以合理、高效的物流能够通过对企业的整个生产和流通结构的协调与完善带来巨大的利润。对第三个利润源理论的最初认识基于两个前提条件： 第一，物流是可以完全从流通过程中分化出来的。物流自成一个独立运行的体系，有本身的目标和管理，因而能对其进行独立的总体核算；
第二，物流和其他独立的经营活动一样，它不是总体的成本构成因素，而是单独的盈利因素，物流可以成为“利润中心”型的独立系统。 物流成为第三个利润源要基于两个自身能力： 第一，物流在整个企业战略中，对企业营销活动的成本发生重要影响，物流是企业成本的重要的产生点。因而，通过物流合理化、现代化等一系列活动降低成本，支持保障营销和采购等活动。所以，物流既是指主要成本的产生点，又是指降低成本的关注点，物流是“降低成本的宝库”等说法正是这种认识的形象表述。成本和利润是相关的，物流作为主体可以为企业提供大量直接和间接的利润，是形成企业经营利润的主要活动。
第三，物流活动最大的作用，并不仅仅在于为企业减少了消耗、降低了成本或增加了利润，更重要的是在于提高企业对用户的服务水平，进而提高了企业的竞争能力。通过物流的服务保障，企业以其整体能力来压缩成本、增加利润。
物流作为第三利润源，已成为众多企业尤其是跨国公司的商战利器。
2．现代物流是企业获取竞争优势的重要源泉
近年来，企业的经营理念在从“生产导向”过渡到“顾客导向”之后，迅速转为“为顾客创造价值”。在“为顾客创造价值”的时代，价值不仅意味着是有形的金钱，还意味着是无形的、可以感知的利益，这是当前企业参与市场竞争的新规则。
管理大师迈克尔·波特在《竞争优势》一书中指出，企业竞争的成功只能通过成本优势或价值优势来取
得。一个既无成本优势又无价值优势的企业只能属于前途渺茫的企业，必将走向衰亡。但是，企业只做到最低成本，还只是一个成本领先者，就不得不与对手在价格上展开单一的竞争，这种价格上的低级竞争会强化顾客对该产品只是一种普通商品的认识。而一个基于价值优势的竞争战略比单纯的价格竞争战略要优越得多，因为物质上的价值固然重要，而使顾客对所要得到产品的整体价值的认同，感到物有所值、甚至物超所值更为重要，即使价格稍高一些，顾客也会接受。
当前既能提供成本优势，又能提供价值优势的管理领域是极少的，而物流管理则是这些并不多的管理领域中的一个。高效、合理的物流管理，既能够降低企业经营成本，又能为顾客提供优质的服务；既能使企业获得成本优势，又能使企业获得价值优势。因此，物流管理日益受到企业的重视，被纳入企业战略管理的范围，甚至成为企业发展战略的基石。
一个拥有卓越物流能力的企业，可以通过向客户提供优质服务获得竞争优势；一个物流管理技术娴熟的企业，如果在存货的可得性、递送的及时性和交付的一贯性等方面领先于同行业的平均水平，就能成为有吸引力的供应商和理想的业务伙伴。放眼世界500强企业，它们都拥有世界一流的物流管理能力，通过向顾客提供优质服务获得竞争优势。可以说，物流管理已成为当今工商企业最具挑战性的领域之一。发展物流，强化物流管理不仅能使企业获取“第三利润源泉”，而且是企业获取竞争优势的重要源泉。例如，我国的海尔集团把物流能力定位为形成企业竞
争优势的核心能力，重组成立了专业从事物流改革的推进本部，使原料采购、生产支持、物资配送从战略上实现了一体化。该企业希望通过物流重组，实现“以最低的物流总成本向客户提供最大附加值的服务”的管理目标。为了应对加入WTO的严峻挑战，中国企业必须将物流管理作为降低经营总成本和提高顾客服务水平的主要手段，把物流能力作为企业的核心竞争力。
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top Reco Yinchuan hedong airport opened the first international cargo airline
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Haitong securities (600837, shares), an analyst at money column fly believe that the future can be focused on "capacity expansion" logistics companies, including horizontal and vertical in two ways. T
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The phone：852-3100-0018
FAX：852-3100-0007
E-mail：[email protected]
Website：www.conquestlogistics.cn
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